Summary: This consensus statement is the product of the World Health Organization HIV and infant feeding Technical Consultation held on behalf of the Inter-agency Task Team on Prevention of HIV Infections in Pregnant Women, Mothers and their Infants in Geneva, Switzerland, October 25–27, 2006. It outlines new evidence and research on HIV transmission through breastfeeding, new evidence on morbidity and mortality, improving infant and young child feeding practices, new program data, and recommendations. Also included below are the reference documents that informed the consensus statement.